12L14 is a type of free-machining low carbon steel known for its excellent machinability, making it highly suitable for high-volume precision components. It contains lead, which improves chip breaking and surface finish.
Chemical Composition
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.15 max |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.85 – 1.15 |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.04 – 0.09 |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.26 – 0.35 |
| Lead (Pb) | 0.15 – 0.35 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
Mechanical Properties
| Property | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 78,000 psi (538 MPa) |
| Yield Strength | 60,000 psi (414 MPa) |
| Elongation | 10% in 2 inches |
| Hardness (Brinell) | 163 HB |
Key Features of 12L14
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Exceptional Machinability: Often rated at 190% compared to standard mild steel (100%).
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Smooth Surface Finish: Ideal for CNC machining and high-precision parts.
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Dimensional Stability: Minimal distortion during cutting.
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Not Suitable for Welding: Due to lead content, welding is generally avoided.
Common Applications
| Industry | Application Examples |
|---|---|
| Automotive | Bushings, spacers, fittings |
| Industrial Machinery | Shafts, pins, gears |
| Electronics | Threaded connectors, inserts |
| Fasteners | Screws, bolts, studs |
| Hydraulics | Valve parts, couplings |
12L14 is a popular free-cutting steel known for its high-speed machining capabilities, making it an ideal choice for complex, high-volume precision components. While it’s not suitable for welding, its ease of machining and clean finish make it indispensable in industries where productivity and accuracy are essential.
